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U.S. GAAP Codification Accounting Standards, ASC




U.S. GAAP
Financial Accounting Review


Principles of AccountingAccounting by Topic Accounting Terms Dictionary

Section 4250: Fair Value Measurements

[U.S. GAAP Codification Topic]
820 Fair value measurements and disclosures
820-10 Overall

--> Updated by ASU No. 2009-05, August 2009, Measuring liabilities at fair value
--> Updated by ASU No. 2009-12, September 2009, Investments in certain entities that calculate net asset value per share (or its equivalent)

[U.S. GAAP before the Codification]
SFAS 157, September 2006, Fair value measurements and disclosures
FSP FAS 157-4, April 2009, Determining Fair Value When the Volume and Level of Activity for the Asset or Liability Have Significantly Decreased and Identifying Transactions That Are Not Orderly

1. Fair Value is
--> the price an entity would receive when an asset is sold
or
--> the price an entity would pay when a liability is transferred.

2. Such transaction should be
an orderly transaction
--> between market participants
--> at the measurement date.

3. Valuation Techniques: three approaches
(1) Market approach
--> based on information from market transactions
(2) Income approach
--> based on future income
--> e.g., present value techniques
(3) Cost approach
--> based on current replacement cost

4. Three levels of inputs: Fair Value Hierarchy
(1) Level 1 inputs
--> unadjusted quoted prices
in active markets
for identical assets or liabilities

(2) Level 2 inputs
--> quoted prices
for similar assets or liabilities
in active markets
--> quoted prices
for identical or similar assets or liabilities
in markets that are not active

(3) Level 3 inputs
--> unobservable inputs
for the asset or liability

5. FASB Staff Position FAS 157-4, April 2009
Determining Fair Value When the Volume and Level of Activity for the Asset or Liability Have Significantly Decreased and Identifying Transactions That Are Not Orderly

6. FSP FAS 157-4 addresses:
(1) When the "volume and level" of activity decreased significantly
(2) When the transactions are not orderly

7. Quoted prices need a significant adjustment
--> if the "volume and level" of activity decreased significantly
--> in the markets that are not active: Level 2 inputs
--> FSP FAS 157-4 does not change Level 1 inputs

8. FSP FAS 157-4 provides additional guidance
--> when the transactions are not orderly
--> FSP FAS 157-4 superseded FSP FAS 157-3




Index of U.S. GAAP Financial Accounting Review


U.S. GAAP by Codification Topics 
 
 105  GAAP Hierarchy 
 105  GAAP History 

 205  Presentation of Financial Statements 
 205-20 Discontinued Operations 
 210  Balance Sheet 
 210-20 Offsetting 
 220  Comprehensive Income 
 225  Income Statement 
 225-20 Extraordinary and Unusual Items 
 230  Statement of Cash Flows 
 250  Accounting Changes and Error Corrections 
 260  Earnings per Share 
 270  Interim Reporting
 
 310  Impairment of a Loan
 320  Investment Securities 
 320  Other-Than-Temporary Impairments, FSP FAS 115-2 
 320-10-05 Overview of Investments in Other Entities 
 320-10-35 Reclassification of Investments in Securities
 323-10 Equity Method Investments
 323-30 Investments in Partnerships and Joint Ventures 
 325-20 Cost Method Investments 
 330  Inventory

 340-20 Capitalized Advertising Costs 
 350-20 Goodwill 
 350-30 Intangibles Other than Goodwill 
 350-40 Internal-Use Software 
 350-50 Website Development Costs 
 360  Property, Plant and Equipment
 360-20 Real Estate Sales


 410  Asset Retirement and Environmental Obligations 
 420  Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations 
 450  Contingencies 
 450-20 Loss Contingencies 
 450-30 Gain Contingencies
 480  Redeemable Financial Instruments 

 505-20 Stock Dividends, Stock Splits 
 505-30 Treasury Stock 

 605  SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin, Topic 13 
 605-25 Revenue Recognition - Multiple Element Arrangements 
 
 715-30 Defined Benefit Plans - Pension
 718  Share-Based Payment 
 730  Research and Development 
 730-20 Research and Development Arrangements 

 805  Business Combinations  
 810  Consolidation 
 810  Noncontrolling Interests 
 810  Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities, SFAS 167 
 
 815  Derivatives and Hedging Overview 

 820  Fair Value Measurements  
 820  Fair value when the markets are not active, FSP FAS 157-4
 825  Fair Value Option 

 830  Foreign Currency Matters 
 830-20 Foreign Currency Transactions 
 830-30 Translation of Financial Statements 
 835  Interest 
 835-20 Capitalization of Interest 
 835-30 Imputation of Interest 

 840  Leases 
 840-20 Operating Leases 
 840-30 Capital Leases 
 840-40 Sale-Leaseback Transactions
 845  Nonmonetary Transactions 

 855  Subsequent Events 
 860-20 Sale of Financial Assets, SFAS 166 
 860-50 Servicing Assets and Liabilities, SFAS 156 

 985-20 Costs of software to be sold  


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